Normative Expression (NormExp)

V1, published model

HCP · Expression axis · pair: DivsExp

Similar to Group Think, this Pillar is your willingness to defend the status quo by expressing opinions in support of it, and suppressing other member's suggestions to change it (DivsExp). This would damage any norm of Psychological Safety, however it is entirely possible that you personally feel high DivsExp while wanting to maintain control of other people's DivsExp. In other words, that no one else's suggestions but your own should be listened to.

10: You wholeheartedly endorse the status quo and are completely unwilling to hear other member's suggestions to change it.

1: You are open to hearing other member's suggestions and listening intently when they do.

Pre-language: Holding to the group's settled ways and keeping others to them: threatening, cutting off or turning away from anyone who starts something different, and feeling safer for it. Intimates read it from how she meets another's new way.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that you can manage (minimise unwelcome or surprising) change, by using your power to reduce any propensity for others to suggest change. While high NormExp undermines Psychological Safety for others, it makes you personally feel safer.

Direct Reciprocity (DirRecip)

V1, published model

HCP · Reciprocity axis · pair: IndRecip

This Pillar reflects your willingness to participate in a norm where assistance is only rendered with expectation of repayment. It is provision of conditional assistance to others in the group, or acceptance of conditional offers from them. Costs that might be factored in to the decision include distraction from your current tasks (when helping another) or the risk of rejection when offering or supplying help. Evolutionary psychologists find that the norm of DirRecip is more common in primates, including Bonobos who will trade sex for other favours. Generally, a group's culture will be dominated by DirRecip or IndRecip, but not both.

10: You will provide to or seek assistance from any group member, when there is some indication that reciprocation can occur in future ('handshake deal').

1: Even when reciprocation is possible, you will not consider assisting or being assisted ('no deal').

Pre-language: Give and take kept in balance: grooming for grooming, support for food, sharing with those who share. She watches who has given, gives to them and holds back from those who have not; intimates read it from steady trading partnerships.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that the norm of DirRecip is strong because the group can adapt to challenges smoothly by moving effort to where it is most urgently needed, by trusting each other's word (assuming there are favours that each can do for each other); there is joy in feeling part of an endeavour where promises to return favours are always kept, and your efforts end up being recognised and returned; this version of trust is more honouring a deal, rather than being trusted to carry out tasks reliably (as per IncResp and OutResp).

Incoming Respect (IncResp)

V1, published model

HCP · Respect axis · pair: OutResp

This Pillar is the extent to which others respect your competence and count on you to deliver your part of the group's work. In sum total, IncResp is other's assessment of your ability to deliver for the group. Noting however, it is your opinion of that assessment, which if people do not tell you explicitly, must be inferred.

10: You believe that others find you highly competent and reliable.

1: You believe that others find you highly incompetent and unreliable.

Pre-language: Feeling counted on for her part: others watch her work, copy her, bring her the task or leave it in her hands, and wait for her to finish it. Intimates read it from whether others rely on her or take over from her.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that others have a high opinion of your competence and trustworthiness: you feel valued and understood; you feel that others regard you to be a legitimate and useful member of the group; your identity as belonging to this group is consistent with others' appraisal of you.

Own Prospects (OwnProsp)

V1, published model

HCP · Prospects axis · pair: GrpProsp

This Pillar is the likelihood of achieving your personal ambitions within the group. If joining a sports team, it might be a high number of scores for the season. Note it is not that the goals have been achieved, but rather the chance that they will be. Once achieved, the goals are no longer relevant to OwnProsp, except to the extent of being evidence that you can do so again (assuming your goals remain similar).

10: You believe it is almost certain that your personal goals will be achieved.

1: You believe it is almost certain that your personal goals will not be achieved.

Pre-language: Hope, or hopelessness, about getting what she herself is after (food, a mate, a place, a skill) while living among the group. Intimates read it from how she pursues her own aims: with persistence and energy, or listlessly.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that you are likely to achieve your personal goals, whether or not they are part of the group goals (GrpProsp) or indeed, conflict with them. Presumably if personal and group goals are in conflict, you would prefer to have low levels of GrpProsp however such a condition is out of scope for the model as it indicates deception and potentially sabotage, which is a cognitive rather than an unconscious drive (as the Pillars are contended to be).

Status (Status)

V1, published model

HCP · Standing axis · pair: Popularity

This Pillar is your felt place in the group's settled order of rank: how far others defer to you, give way to you and accept your decisions on behalf of the group. The rank may be conferred formally (an office, a title, a vote) or settled informally over time; what matters is that all recognise it and it need not be renegotiated each time. Deference here goes to your place, whatever others think of your skill.

10: Everyone in the group gives way to you, and no one acts against your decisions.

1: You give way to everyone, and your decisions carry no weight unless others approve them.

Pre-language: Her felt place in a settled order of rank that all recognise: others yield space and food to her, greet her with submissive signals and wait for her before moving, or she yields, greets and waits on them. Intimates read it from who gives way to whom.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that you possess formal power within a group, enabling you to utilise the group to achieve your own vision, which aligns the group with your identity. This is why new leaders often revoke measures taken by the preceding.

Diverse Expression (DivsExp)

V1, published model

ECP · Expression axis · pair: NormExp

This Pillar is what extent your ideas challenging Group Think will be listened to. Not necessarily heeded, although an idea may of course be enacted. Your contribution will involve (or imply) some change to the status quo, such as to authorities, roles, processes, and group goals. DivsExp is related to the norm of Psychological Safety more than to common understanding of freedom to act. Since it relates to a group, no member should be acting unilaterally, or at least outside of their agreed roles and responsibilities. Thus, DivsExp is freedom to suggest change to such constraints.

10: You have absolute confidence that your suggestion for change will be listened to and then considered by the group in a way that respects its complexities and nuances.

1: You believe that your suggestions will be ignored, or not given due consideration even if (grudgingly) heard.

Pre-language: Being attended to when you start something new: others turn to watch, wait to see where you go, and sometimes follow or copy; and being free to do so without being slapped down. Watching is the listening; following or copying is the heeding, which DivsExp does not require.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that your ideas will be welcomed and well-received. While related to IncResp (HCP), Expression is closer to a norm of Psychological Safety than being given specific respect for one's competence. Such a norm creates a warm, less hostile environment, which is distinct from cohesion: a close, friendly group can still make challenge feel risky.

Group Prospects (GrpProsp)

V1, published model

ECP · Prospects axis · pair: OwnProsp

The extent to which you believe the group will achieve its planned goals (as opposed to your personal objectives, or fortunate gains). Once goals have been achieved, they are no longer a factor in GrpProsp. It is only concerned with future goals that remain to be achieved. This is because already-achieved goals may not continue to influence your engagement, because you have already experienced the benefit, and new goals may be substantially different. Like a hunting party having caught the antelope, and distributed the meat, however if there are no more antelope around, you may not think this group will be as successful hunting mammoth. Of course, ability to coordinate effectively is a generic group attribute, which would assist hunting ANY animal. GrpProsp is designed to capture overarching group efficiency, and the general problem space, but given specific, agreed, yet-to-be achieved goal/s.

10: The group is almost definitely likely to succeed in its goals.

1: The group is almost definitely likely to fail in its goals.

Pre-language: A shared feeling that the band's joint venture (a hunt, a move, a defence) will come off, or will fail. Intimates read it from how members set about the venture together: in step and with energy, or straggling and flagging. It concerns the venture still ahead, not one already won.

Effect on Engagement: That is likely to succeed in goals that you believe are worth pursing, or you would not have joined the group in the first place, and that has agreed goals, or otherwise random changes to the group's direction will move outside the model's ability to predict.

Indirect Reciprocity (IndRecip)

V1, published model

ECP · Reciprocity axis · pair: DirRecip

This Pillar reflects your willingness to participate in a norm where assistance is rendered without expectation of repayment. It is provision of unconditional assistance to others in the group, or acceptance of unconditional offers from them. In either case, costs that might be born include distraction from your current tasks (when helping another) or the risk of rejection when offering or supplying help. Evolutionary psychologists believe that the norm of IndRecip underlies and distinguishes human from primate collaboration. Generally a group's culture will be dominated by DirRecip or IndRecip, but not both.

10: When the need arises, you will provide to or seek assistance from any group member.

1: Even when there is a need, you will not provide nor seek assistance.

Pre-language: Readiness to help and be helped without any tally: moving in to help someone who is struggling, sharing, consoling, and taking help offered, with no watch kept on returns. Intimates read it from easy, unasked help flowing both ways.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel that the norm of IndRecip is strong because the group can adapt to challenges smoothly by moving effort to where it is most urgently needed, without needing to debate or cajole, and there is joy in feeling part of collective endeavour where no one prioritises self-interest or their own immediate tasking.

Outgoing Respect (OutResp)

V1, published model

ECP · Respect axis · pair: IncResp

The extent to which you believe other group members are competent and trustworthy. Do they have the skills needed for their roles, and can they be relied upon to carry them out?

10: Others are extremely competent and absolutely trustworthy.

1: Others are completely incompetent and untrustworthy.

Pre-language: Confidence in those around her: watching the skilful, copying them, following their lead and leaving tasks in their hands, without wariness that they will fail her or cheat her. Intimates read it from whom she watches, follows and relies on.

Effect on Engagement: With competent and trustworthy people because you like being associated with 'winners', you admire and wish to model yourself off them, and they can help you to improve.

Popularity (Popularity)

V1, published model

ECP · Standing axis · pair: Status

The extent to which you believe other group members like you. Do they have positive regard for and generally enjoy your company? Are they personally inclined towards giving you the benefit of the doubt and have no reason to cause impediments for you in the group? Being liked here means being welcome as one of us, someone who fits what the group is about, which is why the liked can sway it.

10: Group members (platonically) love you and will persistently seek your company.

1: Group members loathe and can't stand being in the same room as you.

Pre-language: Feeling welcome among them: others approach, sit close, groom her, play with her, seek her company and give her the benefit of the doubt. Intimates read it from how often others come to her and how easily she moves among them.

Effect on Engagement: Where you feel comfortable and accepted by the group members, who 'have your back' and will support you in the event of any difficulties, and where you enjoy the power of influence (informal leadership).

Unnamed: GrpProsp to IndRecip (Discretionary, E)

V1, published model

Impending group failure or success has uncertain effects on reciprocal help. People might muck in together or lose heart. It largely depends on the quality of leadership

Pre-language (explanation): When the shared venture looks to be failing, or succeeding, members may crowd in and work shoulder to shoulder, helping each other unasked, or lose heart and drift apart, each to her own; which way it goes depends on how whoever leads carries themselves.

Circle the Wagons: GrpProsp to Popularity (Inverse, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When impending group failure is attributed to external threats, the team draws closer, making me feel more liked

Decrement: When success is in sight and the threat has passed, the warmth of the shared fight fades, and I feel less warmly held by the others.

Pre-language (increment): When an outside threat looms over the venture, members bunch together, touch and stay close, and she feels drawn in among them, more liked.

Pre-language (decrement): When the threat has passed and success is in sight, the huddle loosens and fewer come close to her, and she feels less warmly held.

Desperate Times: GrpProsp to DivsExp (Inverse, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When the group is heading for failure, the alarm in the room makes people grab at anything new, and I feel free to try something different or put forward a change.

Decrement: When success is in sight, the room is settled and pleased with itself, and I sense any push to do things differently will be brushed aside.

Pre-language (increment): When the venture is going badly, alarm spreads, others watch anyone who tries a new way and are quick to follow, and she feels free to try one.

Pre-language (decrement): When success is in sight, the group settles and pays no heed to anyone who strikes off differently; she senses no one would look or follow, and keeps to the usual way.

Scapegoating: GrpProsp to OutResp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When impending group success is evident, I credit the colleagues whose work is bringing it about, and my confidence in their competence and trustworthiness rises.

Decrement: When impending group failure is evident, I look for whose lapse is to blame, and my confidence in that colleague's competence and trustworthiness falls.

Pre-language (increment): When the venture is going well, she watches those whose efforts are carrying it with approval, stays near them and follows their lead.

Pre-language (decrement): When it is going badly, her frustration turns on whoever faltered: she glares at them, keeps clear of them and stops following them.

Mucking in Together: IndRecip to GrpProsp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: My receiving help suggests that everyone who needs help will get it, which increases the chance of group success

Decrement: My being denied help, or left to struggle when others could see I needed it, means others may be too, which reduces the chance of group success

Pre-language (increment): Helped when she struggles, she feels the band is with her and throws herself back into the shared venture, sure it will come off.

Pre-language (decrement): Left to struggle while others look on, she feels the band coming apart, and her effort in the shared venture flags.

Spread the Love: IndRecip to Popularity (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: I feel liked when others want to help me

Decrement: Being denied help when I needed it makes me feel disliked

Pre-language (increment): When others come to help her, she feels wanted among them and moves in closer.

Pre-language (decrement): When others leave her to struggle, she feels unwanted and edges away from them.

Here to Help: IndRecip to DivsExp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: After being helped, I feel cared for here, and safe to put forward a change or try something different.

Decrement: If I wasn't helped when I needed it, I feel no one has my back, and I keep my ideas for change to myself, expecting them to be brushed aside.

Pre-language (increment): After being helped, she feels safe among them, and tries a new way of doing things without bracing for a slap-down.

Pre-language (decrement): Left without help, she feels unprotected, and keeps to the usual way, expecting anything different to be ignored or cut off.

Watch and Learn: IndRecip to OutResp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: Being helped well when I need it shows me the helpers are capable and can be relied on.

Decrement: Not being helped when it was needed makes me doubt the competence of others and trust their intentions less

Pre-language (increment): Helped well when she needs it, she watches her helpers with new regard, follows and copies them, and leaves things in their hands.

Pre-language (decrement): Left unhelped when others could have helped, she eyes them warily and stops relying on them.

Knowing What’s Best: Popularity to GrpProsp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: Feeling popular, I am buoyed up, sure the group will go well with me in it.

Decrement: Feeling unpopular, I am deflated, and the group's chances feel poorer for it.

Pre-language (increment): Sought out and welcomed, she is buoyant and throws herself into the shared venture, sure it will come off.

Pre-language (decrement): Kept at the edge, she is deflated; the shared venture feels less likely to come off, and her effort in it flags.

Spread Too Thin: Popularity to IndRecip (Inverse, E)

V1, published model

Increment: Feeling unliked, I reach for contact: I am quick to help anyone, and to take help from anyone.

Decrement: Since I feel popular, help flows to me freely and I come to expect it, so I am less moved to offer it unasked.

Pre-language (increment): Feeling shut out, she reaches for contact: she moves in to help anyone, and takes help from anyone.

Pre-language (decrement): Sought out and helped without asking, she grows used to it, and moves less often to help others unasked.

Making Fetch Happen: Popularity to DivsExp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When the others warm to me (seek me out, laugh with me), I put forward a change I had been holding back.

Decrement: When I sense the others cooling towards me, I keep back a change I would otherwise propose.

Pre-language (increment): When others warm to her (seek her out, play with her), she tries the new way she had been holding back.

Pre-language (decrement): When others cool towards her, she holds back from doing anything differently.

Heavy Lies the Crown: Popularity to OutResp (Discretionary, E)

V1, published model

Whether feeling liked changes how I see others depends on whether the group now looks to me for a lead. If it does, the weight of it makes me wary and I watch others more critically, and my confidence in them falls; if it does not, the warmth spills over and my confidence in them rises.

Pre-language (explanation): Whether feeling liked changes how she sees others depends on whether the group now follows her. If it does, the weight makes her watchful: she eyes others more critically and relies on them less. If it does not, the warmth spills over and she approaches and relies on them more readily.

Font of Wisdom: DivsExp to GrpProsp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When my input is taken up on something the group is trying to achieve, I feel proud and hopeful, and its success seems likelier.

Decrement: When I have no input, I feel shut out, and the group's success seems less likely without it.

Pre-language (increment): When others turn to follow the new way she started on a shared venture, she feels proud and hopeful, sure the venture will come off.

Pre-language (decrement): When no one looks or follows when she starts something, she feels shut out, and the venture seems less likely to come off.

Growth Mindset: DivsExp to IndRecip (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When I voice ideas for the group's future and they are heard, I feel part of where it is going, and readier to help or be helped.

Decrement: When I keep my suggestions to myself, I feel apart from where the group is going, and less ready to help or be helped.

Pre-language (increment): When others watch and follow when she starts something new, she feels part of where the band is heading, and moves more readily to help and to accept help.

Pre-language (decrement): When she holds back from starting anything new, she feels apart from the band and its course, and helps and accepts help less.

Unnamed: DivsExp to Popularity (Discretionary, E)

V1, published model

Whether your suggestions increase your popularity depends on the quality of your ideas, how they are presented and other many other factors (such as whether you are already popular)

Pre-language (explanation): Whether others warm to her when she starts something new depends on how it goes: a new way that works, or that others follow, draws them to her; one that fails, or cuts across them, draws threats or cold shoulders. Someone already liked is followed more readily and resented less.

Rise to the Occasion: DivsExp to OutResp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When my ideas for change are heard, I feel the others are with me, and I trust them to rise to it.

Decrement: When my ideas for change go unheard, I feel let down by them, and doubt they could adapt anyway.

Pre-language (increment): When others watch and follow when she starts something new, she feels them with her, and relies on them to keep up.

Pre-language (decrement): When no one looks or follows, she feels let down by them, and stops relying on them.

Quality Street: OutResp to GrpProsp (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When I think colleagues are competent and trustworthy, I’m more likely to believe the group will succeed

Decrement: When I think colleagues are not competent and trustworthy, I’m more likely to believe the group will fail

Pre-language (increment): When those around her are skilful and dependable, she settles into the shared venture confident it will come off.

Pre-language (decrement): When those around her fumble or let her down, she grows uneasy about the shared venture, expecting it to fail.

I’ll Just Do It Myself: OutResp to IndRecip (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When I trust colleagues, I am drawn to work alongside them, helping and being helped.

Decrement: When I don't trust them, I would rather keep my distance and do it myself.

Pre-language (increment): Trusting those around her, she works alongside them, helping and taking help.

Pre-language (decrement): Distrusting them, she keeps her distance and does the task alone.

Don’t Dis Me Bro: OutResp to Popularity (Reinforce, E)

V1, published model

Increment: Others tend to like me when I act in ways that show my respect for them

Decrement: Others tend to dislike me when I act in ways that show my lack of respect for them

Pre-language (increment): When she watches others with regard, follows and approaches them, they warm to her and seek her company.

Pre-language (decrement): When she ignores or brushes past them, they cool towards her and keep away.

Compensatory Complacency: OutResp to DivsExp (Inverse, E)

V1, published model

Increment: When I doubt colleagues, the gaps around me feel alarming, and I sense the others feel it too, so I feel free to push for doing things differently.

Decrement: When I trust colleagues, everything feels in hand, and I sense a push to do things differently would fall flat.

Pre-language (increment): When those around her fumble, the gaps feel alarming, others are uneasy too, and she feels free to try a different way.

Pre-language (decrement): When those around her are dependable, all feels in hand, and she senses a different way would draw no notice, so she keeps to the usual.

Unnamed: OwnProsp to DirRecip (Discretionary, H)

V1, published model

My own looming success or failure has uncertain effects on trading help. Excitement or worry about my own fortunes may draw me into trades that serve them, or leave me too preoccupied to bother; it also depends on who offers, and what.

Pre-language (explanation): Whether her own looming success or failure changes her trading of favours is uncertain: excitement or worry may draw her into grooming and sharing with whoever can help her pursuit, or leave her too preoccupied to bother; it also depends on who approaches her, and with what.

Short Poppies: OwnProsp to Status (Inverse, H)

V1, published model

Increment: My impending failure makes me less of a threat to others, and their support makes me feel higher status

Decrement: My impending success makes me the subject of suspicion and envy from others, which leads to feeling lower status.

Pre-language (increment): When her own pursuit falters, rivals stop watching her, others ease off and give way to her, and she feels higher in the order.

Pre-language (decrement): When her own success is in sight, rivals watch her, crowd her and contest her place, and she feels lower in the order.

I’ve Got it Covered: OwnProsp to NormExp (Inverse, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Risk aversion due to stress from my impending failure discourages my listening to others’ suggestions

Decrement: Hubris from my impending success means I generously welcome others’ suggestions

Pre-language (increment): Stressed as her own pursuit falters, she clings to the usual way and turns away anyone who starts something different.

Pre-language (decrement): Buoyed as her own success nears, she relaxes and lets others try new ways, watching or following them.

Winners are Grinners: OwnProsp to IncResp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: My impending success makes me seem more competent and trustworthy to others

Decrement: My impending failure makes me seem less competent and trustworthy to others

Pre-language (increment): As her own success nears, others watch her more, copy her and leave things in her hands, and she senses she is counted on.

Pre-language (decrement): As her own pursuit falters, others watch her less and take tasks from her, and she senses she is not counted on.

Power to your Elbow: DirRecip to OwnProsp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Receiving help lifts me: I feel backed, and my own success feels within reach.

Decrement: Not receiving help when I need it leaves me feeling on my own, and my success slips further away.

Pre-language (increment): Helped, she feels backed, and goes after her own aim with fresh energy.

Pre-language (decrement): Unhelped when she needs it, she feels alone, and her own pursuit flags.

Pick and Stick: DirRecip to Status (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Being helped makes me feel picked as an ally, and higher in their eyes.

Decrement: Left to manage alone, I feel passed over, and lower in their eyes.

Pre-language (increment): Helped, she feels chosen as an ally and stands taller among them, readier to take her place ahead of others.

Pre-language (decrement): Left to manage alone, she feels passed over, and gives way more readily.

Left in the Lurch: DirRecip to NormExp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Just helped, I feel grateful for the way things work here, and I am in no mood to change them.

Decrement: Left without help when I needed it, I feel let down by how things work here, and I am open to ideas for changing them.

Pre-language (increment): Just helped, she is content with the way things go here, and turns away anyone who starts something different.

Pre-language (decrement): Left unhelped when she needed it, she is aggrieved with the usual ways, and watches and lets in anyone who tries a different way.

Predictively Useful: DirRecip to IncResp (Reinforce, H)

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Increment: Receiving help makes me feel trusted: they count on me to be good for it.

Decrement: Refused help, I feel doubted: they don't count on me to be good for it.

Pre-language (increment): Given help ahead of any return, she feels counted on: they treat her as good for it.

Pre-language (decrement): Refused when she reaches for help, she feels doubted, not counted on to return it.

Built-in Advantage: Status to OwnProsp (Reinforce, H)

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Increment: Due to my felt higher status, I have more say over what the group does and how its rewards fall, which makes my own success likelier.

Decrement: Due to my felt lower status, I have less say over what the group does and how its rewards fall, which makes my own failure likelier.

Pre-language (increment): High in the order, she takes first pick and others give way, and she goes after her own aims confident of getting them.

Pre-language (decrement): Low in the order, she waits on others' leavings and gives way, and expects to miss out on what she wants.

More to Lose, or Gain: Status to DirRecip (Inverse, H)

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Increment: Low in the order, I feel my need of others, and I readily ask for and offer help on fair terms.

Decrement: High in the order, I feel I need no one, and I hold back from asking for or offering help.

Pre-language (increment): Low in the order, she feels her need of others, and readily grooms, shares and seeks help in return.

Pre-language (decrement): High in the order, she feels she needs no one, and holds back from grooming, sharing or seeking help.

Self Interest Quo: Status to NormExp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Secure at the top, proposals for change feel like a threat to my place, and I bristle at them.

Decrement: Low in the order, I feel hemmed in by how things are, and I welcome anyone who wants to change them.

Pre-language (increment): Secure at the top, she bristles when anyone starts something different, and cuts them off.

Pre-language (decrement): Low in the order, she feels hemmed in by the usual ways, and watches and follows anyone who starts something new.

All Praise the Boss: Status to IncResp (Inverse, H)

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Increment: Due to my felt lower status, I am content with minimal deference to my competence and trustworthiness

Decrement: Due to my felt higher status, I expect deference and so am easily disappointed and even feel insulted

Pre-language (increment): Low in the order, she is content with little notice of her skill, and any attention to it feels like regard.

Pre-language (decrement): High in the order, she expects others to watch and give way to her, so any lapse in their attention stings as disregard.

Rewards of Conformity: NormExp to OwnProsp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Keeping to the accepted way, I feel in favour with those in charge, and my own prospects feel safer.

Decrement: Going against the accepted way, I feel their disapproval, and my own prospects feel shakier.

Pre-language (increment): Keeping to the usual way, she feels those above tolerate her near the food and resting places, and her own aims feel safer.

Pre-language (decrement): Going against the usual way, she draws threats or cold looks from those above, and her own aims feel shakier.

Predictability Preferred: NormExp to DirRecip (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: Keeping to the accepted way, I feel accepted and settled among them, and I am drawn into trading favours.

Decrement: Going against the accepted way, I feel them hold me at arm's length, and the trading of favours dries up.

Pre-language (increment): Keeping to the usual way, she feels settled among them, and is drawn into grooming and sharing on a give-and-take footing.

Pre-language (decrement): Going against the usual way, she is held at arm's length, and the grooming and sharing with her dry up.

Unnamed: NormExp to Status (Discretionary, H)

V1, published model

Your defence of the status quo may be interpreted differently depending upon the person suggesting change. When they have no influence, suppressing their voice comes across as bullying or unduly fearful, which lowers your status. When the person proposing change has influence, holding the line against them shows I can stand up to weight, and my status rises.

Pre-language (explanation): Whether her slapping down of another's new way changes her standing depends on who started it. Cutting off someone with no backing draws others to the victim's side and cold looks to her, and she slips in the order; holding off someone with weight behind them shows she can stand up to it, and others give way to her more.

The Right Thing: NormExp to IncResp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: When I support the status quo, it demonstrates loyalty to the group and good knowledge of group norms, that attracts respect from others

Decrement: When I reject the status quo, it demonstrates disloyalty to the group and poor knowledge of group norms

Pre-language (increment): Doing things the group's usual way, she is watched with approval and left to get on with her part, and she senses she is counted on.

Pre-language (decrement): Doing things against the usual way, she draws puzzled or cold looks and others step in to take over, and she senses she is not counted on.

External Locus of Control: IncResp to OwnProsp (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: When I feel respected for my competence and trustworthiness, I am more confident in my ability to achieve success

Decrement: When I feel a lack of respect, I lose confidence in my ability to achieve success

Pre-language (increment): Watched, copied and relied on, she goes after her own aims with confidence.

Pre-language (decrement): Passed over or taken off tasks, she loses heart in her own aims.

Sulking in a Corner: IncResp to DirRecip (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: When my competence and trustworthiness are respected, I readily seek opportunities for partnering with others.

Decrement: When I feel my competence or trustworthiness has been unfairly disrespected, I sulkily avoid opportunities for partnering with others.

Pre-language (increment): Relied on for her skill, she readily pairs up to trade grooming and help.

Pre-language (decrement): Slighted over her skill, she sulks apart and turns away anyone offering to pair up or trade.

Inferred Status: IncResp to Status (Reinforce, H)

V1, published model

Increment: When I am trusted with something that matters here (a decision handed to me, a job left in my hands, my word taken), I feel higher status.

Decrement: When my competence or my word is doubted in front of others, and no one speaks for me, I feel lower status and give way.

Pre-language (increment): Left in charge of something that matters (others step back and let her lead, or wait on her), she stands taller and takes her place ahead.

Pre-language (decrement): Pushed aside from a task in front of others, with no one coming to her side, she shrinks and gives way.

Comfortable in my Own Skin: IncResp to NormExp (Inverse, H)

V1, published model

Increment: When those above me don't respect me, I fall in with the accepted way and stop offering ideas of my own. When peers or juniors don't respect me, I dismiss the next idea one of them puts forward.

Decrement: When others respect me, I listen to their ideas and take some up.

Pre-language (increment): Slighted by those above, she falls in with the usual way and stops trying anything new; slighted by peers or juniors, she cuts off the next one of them who tries something different.

Pre-language (decrement): Relied on and regarded, she relaxes, watches when others try a new way, and sometimes takes it up.